Analytical Reference for Basic Structure and Working Principle of New Energy Electric Forklift

As a low-carbon handling equipment widely used in current warehousing, logistics, and industrial production short-distance handling scenarios, new energy electric forklifts are suitable for most closed and semi-closed operating scenarios by virtue of their low-noise and low-emission operating characteristics. By clarifying their basic structure and working principle, they are of high reference value for operators to standardize their use and for operation and maintenance personnel to troubleshoot.

First, the basic structure of new energy electric forklifts

From the functional dimension, the structure of the new energy electric forklift can be divided into five core modules. The first is the power supply module, which mainly includes the power battery pack and the supporting battery management system. The former is responsible for storing the power required for the operation, while the latter monitors the battery's power, temperature, voltage and other core parameters in real time to ensure the stability and safety of the power supply process. Secondly, the central electronic control module, as the control center of the vehicle, undertakes the functions of receiving, calculating and distributing all operation instructions, and can dynamically adjust the power output strategy according to the load conditions of different working conditions to avoid ineffective energy consumption. The third is the walking execution module, which includes the drive motor, transmission mechanism and walking wheel group. It is responsible for converting the electrical energy transmitted by the electronic control system into mechanical energy to complete various walking actions such as vehicle forward, backward, steering, and speed regulation. The fourth is the lifting operation module, which includes the hydraulic pump station, the gantry mechanism, the fork and the supporting stroke limit components. It can support the lifting, landing, front and rear tilting and other operation actions of the goods, and ensure the landing of the basic functions of the handling operation. Finally, there is the body accessory module, which includes the bearing frame, the operating cockpit, the safety warning device, the lighting system and other components. It not only provides the operator with a relatively safe operating space, but also transmits warning signals to the outside during the operation process to avoid on-site safety hazards.

Second, the working principle of new energy electric forklift

When the vehicle is started, the battery management system will first complete the self-test of various parameters of the power battery pack, and after confirming that all indicators are in the normal range, it will send a confirmation signal of equipment readiness to the central electronic control module. After the operator enters the corresponding action command through the operating handle and steering mechanism, the relevant signal will be transmitted to the central electronic control unit synchronously.

The electronic control unit will combine the real-time load sensing data of the current equipment and the monitoring data of the surrounding environment to calculate and optimize the command and send a regulation signal to the corresponding execution unit. If the input is a walking command, the electronic control system will adjust the output power of the drive motor, drive the wheel group through the transmission mechanism to complete the corresponding walking action, and automatically adjust the speed difference of the drive wheels on both sides according to the sensing data of the steering angle to ensure a smooth and card-free steering process. If the input is a lifting operation command, the electronic control system will activate the corresponding hydraulic pump station, drive the hydraulic oil to push the gantry cylinder to complete the corresponding lifting and tilting actions, and the pressure sensing device supporting the whole process will monitor the operating pressure of the hydraulic system in real time. Once the load exceeds the rated threshold, it will actively limit the power output, trigger sound and light warnings, and avoid various risks caused by overload operations.

During daily use, the operator can complete routine inspections in combination with construction and operation logic, and follow the specifications to carry out operations, which can give full play to the operating advantages of new energy electric forklifts and extend the overall service life of the equipment.